6 ways unencrypted files can be hacked

Data security is a critical concern for businesses and individuals alike. When files are left unencrypted, they become easy targets for cybercriminals who can exploit various vulnerabilities to access, steal, or manipulate sensitive information. Here are six common ways unencrypted files can be hacked.

1. Man-in-the-middle attacks

One of the most common ways hackers intercept unencrypted files is through a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. In this type of attack, a hacker positions themselves between two communicating parties, capturing data as it is transmitted. Without encryption, sensitive information such as login credentials, personal details, and confidential documents can be easily intercepted and stolen.

How to prevent MITM attacks:

• Always use HTTPS for secure web communications.
• Enable encryption protocols such as TLS for data transmission.
• Avoid using public Wi-Fi for sensitive transactions without a VPN.

2. Malware and ransomware

Unencrypted files stored on local devices or cloud storage are vulnerable to malware and ransomware attacks. Hackers use malicious software to gain access to systems, encrypt files, and demand ransom payments for decryption keys. If files were encrypted before an attack, the damage would be significantly reduced.

How to prevent malware attacks:

• Install and update antivirus software regularly.
• Use endpoint security solutions to detect and block threats.
• Back up data frequently and store backups in a secure, encrypted environment.

3. Phishing attacks

Phishing attacks trick users into revealing login credentials or downloading malicious files. Hackers often pose as trusted entities to deceive individuals into opening unencrypted files that contain sensitive data. Once compromised, attackers can steal, modify, or exploit the information.

How to prevent phishing attacks:

• Verify the authenticity of emails and links before clicking.
• Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) for additional security.
• Train employees and users to recognize phishing attempts.

4. Insider threats

Unencrypted files can be accessed and exploited by malicious insiders, including employees or contractors with access to sensitive data. Without encryption, an unauthorized individual can easily copy, share, or sell confidential information.

How to prevent insider threats:

• Implement role-based access controls (RBAC).
• Monitor file access and log activity for anomalies.
• Use encryption to protect sensitive documents from unauthorized access.

5. Data theft from lost or stolen devices

Laptops, USB drives, and mobile devices often store sensitive information. If a device is lost or stolen, unencrypted files can be accessed directly by anyone who gains possession of the hardware, leading to data breaches.

How to prevent data theft:

• Encrypt hard drives and removable storage devices.
• Enable remote wipe capabilities for lost or stolen devices.
• Use strong passwords and biometric authentication.

6. Cloud storage breaches

Cloud storage platforms are prime targets for cybercriminals looking to exploit misconfigured security settings. If files stored in the cloud are unencrypted, attackers can access and exfiltrate data by compromising accounts or exploiting vulnerabilities in cloud services.

How to secure cloud storage:

• Encrypt files before uploading them to the cloud.
• Use zero-trust security models for cloud access.
• Enable access logging and anomaly detection for cloud accounts.

Why encryption is essential

Encryption is the most effective way to protect sensitive files from unauthorized access. By encrypting files at rest and in transit, businesses and individuals can significantly reduce the risk of data breaches, financial loss, and reputational damage.

Implementing strong encryption practices, along with robust security policies, ensures that even if hackers gain access to a system, the data remains unreadable and unusable to them.